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In the complex world of international diplomacy, few relationships are as intricate as the one between India and Sri Lanka. Situated in the Indian Ocean, these two nations, connected by history, geography, and culture, are increasingly united by the pressing need for strategic collaboration.
Illustration by The Geostrata
As global politics shifts, the bond between India and Sri Lanka stands out as a tale of resilience and opportunity, highlighting the balance of ambitions, security, and growth.
On a bright morning in Colombo, Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake embarked on his first foreign visit after taking office — a trip to India . This was more than just a ceremonial gesture; it marked the beginning of a new chapter in regional diplomacy, underscoring mutual interests and shared futures.
Meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the atmosphere was charged with the potential for a collaborative future. This encounter was not merely a meeting of two nations; it represented a fusion of ideals, strategic goals, and a lasting partnership in an ever-evolving world.
THE BALANCE OF POWER: SRI LANKA'S STRATEGIC ASSURANCE
As the two leaders engaged in discussion, the significance of the moment was evident. The world, especially the Indian Ocean region, finds itself at a pivotal juncture. With China’s growing presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), Sri Lanka occupies a crucial position in a geopolitical contest that is becoming increasingly fraught. In this light, the commitment of India and Sri Lanka to protect each other's security interests marks a significant turning point in regional diplomacy.
The most notable outcome of this meeting was Sri Lanka’s firm assurance that its territory would not be used for any activities that could threaten India’s security interests.
This promise was not just a symbolic gesture; it was a strong statement of intent that Sri Lanka would not let its territory become a pawn in the complex geopolitical landscape of the Indian Ocean.
The close ties between Sri Lanka and China, characterized by significant investments in crucial ports and infrastructure, had raised alarms in India. However, this strategic commitment from Sri Lanka, reiterated in the heart of New Delhi, sent a clear message to the world that India’s security would remain intact.
SAILING INTO THE FUTURE: MARITIME AND DEFENSE COOPERATION
A narrative of shared security needs unfolded across the expansive Indian Ocean. The collaboration between the countries on maritime security — an increasingly vital area for both — began to take precedence. The intensifying competition in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) among the US, China, and India had created new tensions in the area. Sri Lanka, positioned between these geopolitical giants, found a dependable partner in India to help maintain stability in these waters.
The Colombo Security Conclave, emerging from this mutual vision, was an initiative aimed at protecting the region’s maritime interests.
India and Sri Lanka's military collaboration grew stronger as both nations engaged in joint military exercises like Mitra Shakti and SLINEX, which improved interoperability and fostered mutual trust.
The Dosti trilateral maritime exercises exemplified how India and Sri Lanka had fortified their military and naval connections in response to increasing regional challenges. Together, they were not merely allies; they were co-guardians of the Indian Ocean, overseeing the vast waters that link the countries of the region.
A PATH TO EMPOWERMENT: CAPACITY BUILDING AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING
The relationship between India and Sri Lanka goes beyond military alliances and security agreements; it embodies a narrative of empowerment and mutual growth, envisioning shared prosperity that transcends mere strategic cooperation. For India, enhancing its neighbor’s ability to govern and innovate was just as crucial as ensuring maritime security.
As part of this commitment, India pledged to train 1,500 Sri Lankan civil servants over the next five years, sharing its knowledge, expertise, and a spirit of collaboration that resonates deeply within the South Asian context.
This initiative was not merely a one-sided exchange of knowledge. Both countries established collaborative platforms aimed at building capacity across various sectors. Drawing inspiration from India’s digital advancements, Sri Lanka planned to roll out projects like the Sri Lanka Unique Digital Identity (SLUDI), which is modeled after India’s groundbreaking Aadhaar initiative.
Additionally, both nations aimed to accelerate the implementation of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) to improve government service delivery and enhance digital transactions. India’s PM Gati Shakti initiative and DigiLocker were viewed as exemplary models for Sri Lanka to emulate, setting the stage for a more efficient and transparent governance framework.
The outcome would be a digitally integrated region, with India and Sri Lanka collaborating closely to usher in a new era of technological partnership.
HARNESSING THE SUN: SOLAR ENERGY AND CONNECTIVITY
Among the various avenues of cooperation, the solar power project in Sampur emerged as a symbol of hope — a beacon of sustainable development and regional collaboration. This solar power plant, a joint venture between India and Sri Lanka, is set to deliver clean and affordable energy, aiding Sri Lanka in achieving its green energy objectives while decreasing its dependence on fossil fuels. Alongside plans for a multi-product pipeline from India to Sri Lanka, this initiative promises to enhance energy connectivity and bolster economic ties.
Energy and connectivity extend beyond mere infrastructure; they represent the essence of regional cooperation. Both nations acknowledged the importance of improving logistical connections, both on land and at sea.
With ports like Colombo, Trincomalee, and Kankesanthurai slated for development, India and Sri Lanka have embarked on a mission to establish an interconnected maritime and logistics hub, thereby strengthening trade links and economic activity throughout the region.
The land bridge project, designed to provide India with direct access to Sri Lanka’s ports, is a visionary step that will further boost connectivity and economic exchanges, ensuring that the two countries evolve from mere neighbors into co-architects of regional prosperity.
THE CULTURAL THREAD: BRIDGING HEARTS AND MINDS
However, no relationship is solely defined by economics or security. At its heart, the India-Sri Lanka bond is also profoundly cultural, interwoven through centuries of shared history, traditions, and connections between people. The cultural cooperation agreement signed between the two nations in 1977 established a foundation for regular exchanges that have enriched both countries. Whether through the exchange of artists, musicians, or scholars, the people of India and Sri Lanka have consistently discovered common ground in their cultural heritage.
In recent years, tourism has emerged as a crucial link between India and Sri Lanka.
India has consistently been Sri Lanka’s leading source of inbound tourists, and as travel picks up in 2023, Indian visitors are once again exploring the island’s historic landmarks, beautiful beaches, and rich culture.
This flow of people, ideas, and experiences has fostered a deep connection that goes beyond mere political and economic ties. The foundations of this relationship are strong, and the cultural exchanges initiated in the past continue to thrive, drawing the two nations closer together with each year that passes.
AREAS OF CONCERN: THE FISHERMAN'S STRUGGLE AND RISING TENSIONS
However, no partnership is without its difficulties, and the relationship between India and Sri Lanka is no different. One of the most contentious issues is the ongoing dispute over fishermen.
Image Credits: Rightful Owner
Given Sri Lanka’s proximity to Indian waters, the distinction between legal fishing and illegal activities often becomes unclear, resulting in tensions and conflicts. Although both nations have tried to resolve this issue, it remains a significant challenge, highlighting the complexities of any relationship.
Beyond the fishing disputes, the geopolitical rivalry in the Indian Ocean has introduced another layer of tension. The increasing influence of China in the region, marked by its investments in critical ports and maritime infrastructure, has raised alarms for both India and Sri Lanka.
The expanding Chinese presence has sparked concerns about the regional balance of power, and Sri Lanka, positioned between these two major players, must navigate its interests with caution.
The apprehension regarding Indian dominance, a sentiment that has lingered since Sri Lanka gained independence, continues to be a delicate topic. While India’s growing role is often viewed as a stabilizing factor in the region, Sri Lanka must approach this relationship with a commitment to its own independence and sovereignty. Maintaining its autonomy while strengthening ties with India is a delicate balancing act that will require ongoing dialogue, understanding, and trust.
A NEW DAWN: THE WAY AHEAD
As India and Sri Lanka look to the future together, there is much to anticipate. Sri Lanka's renewed commitment to protect India's security interests in the region is a significant declaration of intent. In light of increasing external threats and a complex geopolitical environment, India and Sri Lanka are united in their dedication to regional stability and economic growth.
Together, they can tackle the rising challenges in the Indian Ocean, work towards resolving long-standing issues like the fishermen dispute, and build a more interconnected and prosperous future for their citizens.
India’s active engagement with Sri Lanka highlights its role as a dependable partner in promoting regional security and economic stability. With a foundation built on shared history, culture, and aspirations, India and Sri Lanka are ready to deepen their relationship, not just for the present, but for future generations.
In this evolving partnership, the outlook is promising. A new dawn is on the horizon for India and Sri Lanka — one that holds the potential for growth, stability, and collaboration. As history unfolds, the narrative of India and Sri Lanka will continue to develop , showcasing the strength of partnership, shared values, and the potential for a future grounded in trust, security, and mutual prosperity.
SAILING TOWARD A SHARED DESTINY
The winds of change are blowing, and the sails are raised high. As India and Sri Lanka navigate towards a prosperous future, they do so with a common vision — one that goes beyond the constraints of geography, history, and rivalry. With mutual respect, strategic cooperation, and a steadfast commitment to regional security, the partnership between these two nations shines as a beacon of hope in a challenging world.
In the dance of diplomacy, India and Sri Lanka are united together weaving their journey to be one of promise, resilience, and, above all, a shared commitment to not only shaping the future of the Indian Ocean but beyond.
BY BONSIKA DAS
CENTRE FOR LAW AND POLITICS
TEAM GEOSTRATA
Well summarisation of India-Sri-Lanka relations !